Evidence of neuroinflammation and immunotherapy responsiveness in individuals with down syndrome regression disorder

Table 3 Therapeutic responses

Therapy type^a	Utilization (n (%))	Effectiveness (n (%))			Any neurodiagnostic abnormality vs normal workup
Therapy type^a	Utilization (n (%))	All patients (n = 72)	Any neurodiagnostic abnormality (n = 29)	EEG/MRI/CSF normal (n = 43)	X² value	p value	Odds ratio (95%CI)
Antidepressant	45 (63%)	22 (49%)	4/16 (25%)	18/29 (62%)	5.67	0.02	0.20 (0.05–0.79)
Antipsychotic	52 (72%)	32 (61%)	9/19 (47%)	23/33 (70%)	2.54	0.12	0.39 (0.12–1.26)
Benzodiazepines	63 (87%)	49 (77%)	18/24 (75%)	31/39 (79%)	0.17	0.42	0.77 (0.23–2.59)
ECT	49 (68%)	36 (74%)	6/15 (40%)	30/34 (88%)	12.42	0.01	0.09 (0.02–0.39)
Nutritional therapy	29 (40%)	0 (0%)	0/13 (0%)	0/10 (0%)	0	1.0	n/a
Immunotherapy Steroids IVIg Anti-CD20 MMF/AZ	43 (59%) 39 (54%) 43 (59%) 19 (26%) 19 (26%)	74/120 (62%) 14/39 (36%) 38/43 (88%) 9/19 (47%) 13/19 (68%)	55/74 (74%) 10/24 (42%) 24/26 (92%) 9/11 (81%) 12/13 (92%)	19/46 (41%) 4/15 (27%) 14/17 (82%) 0/8 (0%) 1/6 (17%)	10.04 0.90 0.05 9.89 12.17	< 0.001 0.34 0.33 0.01 0.01	4.11 (1.88–9.02) 1.96 (0.48–7.99) 2.57 (0.38–17.31) 49.5 (3.84–638.43) 60.0 (3.10–1159.84)

AZ Azathioprine, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, EEG electroencephalogram, ECT electroconvulsive therapy, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, MMF mycophenolate mofetil
^aPatients may have received multiple therapeutic interventions creating a higher “n” with regard to the treatment interventions by class

ISSN: 1866-1955